When a child is diagnosed with cancer: Part I

When a child is diagnosed with cancer, there can be an understandably strong, emotional reaction from parents and family.  There are several ways that this extremely difficult situation can be assisted, including obtaining information, gathering resources, and asking questions.  Part I of this blog provides an overview of these elements to create a foundation for parents and families who may be navigating the challenges and emotions of having a child with cancer.

Childhood cancer may share some aspects with adult cancers, however there are also many notable differences.  There are approximately 10,470 new cases of cancer amongst children younger than 15 each year in the United States.*  These cancers account for numerous types- some are also seen amongst adults and others are specific to, or more frequent in, children.  The majority of instances of cancer amongst children are not related to environmental or lifestyle factors, as is much more frequent in adults.

The diagnosis & management of childhood cancer is typically more specialized than it is amongst adults.  While many forms of cancer in adults are treated in both community and specialty centers, the majority of childhood cancers are treated in specialized pediatric settings.  This leads to increased challenges in access to care amongst families who do not live in proximity to major medical centers, where most pediatric centers are located.  Treatment methods may also differ amongst children in comparison to adults.  In part, this is the result of childhood-specific factors, such as growth.  In order to preserve growth, treatment strategies amongst children may be substantially different than they would be for adults.

Another important difference between childhood and adult cancer is the prognosis.  Amongst all types of cancer in children, the overall 5 year survival is approximately 85%.  This represents an improved prognosis compared to adults.  It is important to consider, however, that this estimated survival is amongst all types of cancer and, unfortunately, there are cancer types that are associated with a lower 5 year survival.  The prognosis is dependent upon the type and stage of the cancer at the time of diagnosis, but typically there is a better survival rate amongst children with cancer than adults.

Parents and caregivers of children diagnosed with cancer are understandably presented with several significant challenges.  There is the initial shock of the diagnosis and obvious concerns for the wellbeing and health of their child / loved one.  In order to support themselves and those around them, there are several aspects that parents can emphasize. 

• They should obtain as much information as possible, both from the treating providers and through their own research.  Understanding as much of the applicable medical information as possible is important in order to make informed treatment decisions as well as help answer questions that the child and other family members may ask. 

• By obtaining relevant and accurate information, anxiety about the diagnosis, treatment, and outcome can be reduced.  It is crucial that parents understand as much as possible about the diagnosis and treatment options. 

• In order to make informed decisions, it is important to understand not only what is recommended by the treating provider, but also other appropriate treatment options.  This may require obtaining a second opinion, which should not be a hesitation.  It is crucial that pediatric specific specialists be involved with treatment planning and provision of as much treatment as possible. 

• Given logistical considerations, it may not be possible for every child to be treated in a pediatric specific center.  In such cases, obtaining recommendations from a pediatric cancer specialist that can be implemented closer to home should be considered.

Please follow along for Part II: Childhood cancer treatment & other considerations

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Sources:

*Cancer.org